When the test is performed in an eye with an afferent pupillary defect, light directed in the affected eye will cause only mild constriction of both pupils ( due to decreased response to light from the afferent defect ), while light in the unaffected eye will cause a normal constriction of both pupils ( due to an intact efferent path, and an intact consensual pupillary reflex ).
12.
A final population of photosensitive ganglion cells, containing melanopsin for photosensitivity, sends information via the retinohypothalamic tract ( RHT ) to the pretectum ( pupillary reflex ), to several structures involved in the control of circadian rhythms and sleep such as the suprachiasmatic nucleus ( SCN, the biological clock ), and to the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus ( VLPO, a region involved in sleep regulation ).
13.
Methods that have been suggested to provide some defence against the use of fake eyes and irises include changing ambient lighting during the identification ( switching on a bright lamp ), such that the pupillary reflex can be verified and the iris image be recorded at several different pupil diameters; analysing the 2D spatial frequency spectrum of the iris image for the peaks caused by the printer dither patterns found on commercially available fake-iris contact lenses; analysing the temporal frequency spectrum of the image for the peaks caused by computer displays.
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