11. Any stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior increasing is a reinforcer . 12. Actions that affect behavior through intimidation, fear or avoidance are called negative reinforcers . 13. Regarding the giving of praise by teachers, praise is a reinforcer for students. 14. Much subsequent research in many labs examined the effects on behaviors of scheduling reinforcers . 15. The first problem is that it does not explain how secondary reinforcers reduce drive. 16. This may be a larger reinforcer at a later time or a smaller immediate reinforcer. 17. This may be a larger reinforcer at a later time or a smaller immediate reinforcer . 18. As with primary reinforcers , an organism can experience satiation and deprivation with secondary reinforcers. 19. As with primary reinforcers, an organism can experience satiation and deprivation with secondary reinforcers . 20. "It's been a good reinforcer for staying with safe sex,"
