The molecular basis for the causation of congenital rubella syndrome are not yet completely clear, but " in vitro " studies with cell lines showed that rubella virus has an apoptotic effect on certain cell types.
12.
If the woman is infected during her first trimester, there is a 90 percent chance she will have a child with congenital rubella syndrome, which involves such problems as deafness, eye disorders, neurological disorders and heart defects.
13.
"Our findings support the continued vaccination of rubella-susceptible women of child-bearing age as a safe and effective means of preventing congenital rubella syndrome, " the authors wrote in Wednesday's issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association.
14.
It says the risk to unvaccinated children is one death in 3, 000 measles cases, one encephalitis case in 300 cases of mumps, and one case of congenital rubella syndrome for every four mothers infected early in pregnancy.
15.
Screening for rubella susceptibility by history of vaccination or by serology is recommended in the United States for all women of childbearing age at their first preconception counseling visit to reduce incidence of congenital rubella syndrome ( CRS ).
16.
In Japan, 15, 000 cases of rubella and 43 cases of congenital rubella syndrome were reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases between October 15, 2012, and March 2, 2014 during the 2012 13 rubella outbreak in Japan.
17.
In general, approximately one-third of congenital cataracts are a component of a more extensive syndrome or disease ( e . g ., cataract resulting from congenital rubella syndrome ), one-third occur as an isolated inherited trait, and one-third result from undetermined causes.
18.
This sudden lack of oxygen is also almost always combined with premature birth, a phenomenon that, even by itself, would inherently risk the infant developing some type of CP . On the other hand, the presence of certain maternal infections during pregnancy such as congenital rubella syndrome can also lead to spastic diplegia, since such infections can have similar end results to infant hypoxia.
19.
Other notable new vaccines of the period include those for measles ( 1962, John Franklin Enders of Children's Medical Center Boston, later refined by Maurice Hilleman at Merck ), Rubella ( 1969, Hilleman, Merck ) and mumps ( 1967, Hilleman, Merck ) The United States incidences of rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, measles, and mumps all fell by > 95 % in the immediate aftermath of widespread vaccination.
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