With the re-introduction of the sigma meson as an acceptable candidate for a light scalar meson in 1996 by Tornqvist and Roos, in-depth studies into the lightest scalar mesons were conducted with renewed interest.
12.
In-depth studies of the unflavored scalar mesons began with the Crystal Ball and Crystal Barrel experiments of the mid 1990s, focusing on the mass range between 1 GeV / c 2 and 2 GeV / c 2.
13.
Since the late 1950s, the lightest scalar mesons were often interpreted within the framework of the linear sigma model, and many theorists still choose this interpretation of the scalar mesons as the chiral partners of the pseudoscalar meson multiplet.
14.
Since the late 1950s, the lightest scalar mesons were often interpreted within the framework of the linear sigma model, and many theorists still choose this interpretation of the scalar mesons as the chiral partners of the pseudoscalar meson multiplet.
15.
This picture of the scalar mesons seems to fit experimental results well in certain ways, but often receives harsh criticism for ignoring unsolved problems with chiral symmetry breaking and the possibility of a non-trivial vacuum state as suggested by Gribov.
16.
He has contributed to the definition of the running and invariant quark masses in QCD and on the tests of the gluonium / glueball nature of the scalar meson ? / f 0 ( 500 ) using QSSR, ?? and ?? scatterings data.
17.
The light ( unflavored ) scalar mesons may be divided into three groups; those having a mass below 1 GeV / c 2, those having a mass between 1 GeV / c 2 and 2 GeV / c 2, and other radially-excited unflavored scalar mesons above 2 GeV / c 2.
18.
The light ( unflavored ) scalar mesons may be divided into three groups; those having a mass below 1 GeV / c 2, those having a mass between 1 GeV / c 2 and 2 GeV / c 2, and other radially-excited unflavored scalar mesons above 2 GeV / c 2.
19.
Dirac had also solved the problem of putting the Tomonaga Schwinger equation into the Schr�dinger representation and given explicit expressions for the scalar meson field ( spin zero pion or pseudoscalar meson ), the vector meson field ( spin one rho meson ), and the electromagnetic field ( spin one massless boson, photon ).
20.
For example, " The approximate chiral symmetry of QCD, for example, allows one to define the ratio between various ( up, down and strange ) quark masses through combinations of the masses of the pseudo-scalar meson octet in the quark model through chiral perturbation theory . . . "-what?
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