11. In this case the localized image rapidly fades as energy is removed by the secondary electrons . 12. This adds another significant source of photoelectrons and secondary electrons which effectively reduce the image contrast. 13. For example, a dye chromophore has been modified by the addition of secondary electron donors. 14. The coefficient gives the number of secondary electrons produced by primary electron per unit path length. 15. This affects the number of secondary electrons that escape the device surface and reach the detector. 16. Collected Auger electrons are plotted as a function of energy against the broad secondary electron background spectrum. 17. Such a cascade of scattering events leads to up to 10 3 secondary electrons per incident electron. 18. The secondary electron number variability is the well-known root cause of noise in avalanche photodiodes. 19. The most common SEM mode is detection of secondary electrons emitted by atoms excited by the electron beam. 20. The number of secondary electrons that can be detected depends, among other things, on specimen topography.
