11. The sexual cycle of one well-studied representative species of Ascomycota is described in greater detail in Neurospora crassa. 12. Each of these events is relatively rare, and they do not constitute a regular cycle like the sexual cycle . 13. In the absence of this sexual cycle , haploid protocells with a damage in an essential RNA gene would simply die. 14. In 2009, " A . fumigatus " was shown to have a heterothallic, fully functional sexual cycle . 15. Meiosis leads to sporulation and release of ascospores that may germinate to form haploid cells, thus completing the sexual cycle . 16. Akopyants et al . demonstrated that " L . major " has a sexual cycle , including a meiotic process. 17. For example, the ubiquitous and industrially important mold, " Aspergillus niger ", has no known sexual cycle . 18. A second copy of a single-copy gene is first mate and go through its sexual cycle to activate the RIP machinery. 19. Two such haploid gametes, arising from different individual organisms, fuse by the process of fertilization, thus completing the sexual cycle . 20. The meiosis stage of the sexual cycle also allows especially effective repair of DNA damages ( see Meiosis and Bernstein et al . ).
