Although its molar absorptivity ( extinction coefficient ) is relatively low, PI exhibits a sufficiently large Stokes shift to allow simultaneous detection of nuclear DNA and fluorescein-labeled antibodies, provided the proper optical filters are used.
12.
Recently, he demonstrated to use Stokes shift spectroscopy as an efficient way to rapidly measure spectral fingerprints of multiple key fluorophores related to carcinogenesis in tissue as complex mixtures and highlights the differences between cancerous and normal tissues.
13.
This method is less efficient than blue LEDs with YAG : Ce phosphor, as the Stokes shift is larger, so more energy is converted to heat, but yields light with better spectral characteristics, which render color better.
14.
As a result of this relaxation, the energy of the excited state of the fluorophore is lowered ( longer wavelength ), hence fluorophores that have a large change in dipole moment have larger stokes shift changes in different solvents.
15.
In particular, the parameter E 0, 0 is related to the emission wavelength of the complex and therefore to the size of the Stokes shift-the difference in energy between the maximum absorption and emission of a molecule.
16.
These are well-suited for this application due to their large Stokes shifts and extremely long emission lifetimes ( from microseconds to milliseconds ) compared to more traditional fluorophores ( e . g ., fluorescein, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin, and rhodamine ).
17.
In most cases, the emitted light has a longer wavelength, and therefore lower energy, than the absorbed radiation; this phenomenon is known as the Stokes shift . However, when the absorbed electromagnetic radiation is intense, it is possible for one electron to absorb two photons; this two-photon absorption can lead to emission of radiation having a shorter wavelength than the absorbed radiation.
18.
This shift in frequency is designated as a Stokes shift . If the final vibrational state is less energetic than the initial state, then the inelastically scattered photon will be shifted to a higher frequency, and this is designated as an anti-Stokes shift . Raman scattering is an example of inelastic scattering because the energy and momentum transfer between the photons and the molecules during the interaction results in a difference in energy between the incident and scattered photons.
19.
This shift in frequency is designated as a Stokes shift . If the final vibrational state is less energetic than the initial state, then the inelastically scattered photon will be shifted to a higher frequency, and this is designated as an anti-Stokes shift . Raman scattering is an example of inelastic scattering because the energy and momentum transfer between the photons and the molecules during the interaction results in a difference in energy between the incident and scattered photons.
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