11. Similarly, a number known as the fine structure constant characterizes the strength of electromagnetic forces. 12. The quantity is the structure constant of the particular gauge group, defined by the commutator 13. One such dimensionless physical constant is the fine-structure constant . 14. A somewhat damaging statement in his defence of these concepts involved the fine structure constant , ?. 15. It is possible to define a unitless fine structure constant for electromagnetism, weak, and strong interactions. 16. We can deduce that the structure constants are antisymmetric in the first two indices and real. 17. The Universal Gravitational Constant and the Fine Structure Constant are the two that are most often questioned. 18. Where \ alpha is the fine-structure constant . 19. This brings the structure constants into line with those of the rotation group SO ( 3 ). 20. The structure constants C ^ { abc } quantify the lack of commutativity, and do not vanish.
