In natural stream applications, submerged flow is frequently the result of vegetative growth on the downstream channel banks, sedimentation, or subsidence of the flume.
12.
Submerged Flow when the water surface downstream of the flume is high enough to restrict flow through a flume, the flume is deemed to be submerged.
13.
Although commonly thought of as occurring at higher flow rates, It should be noted that submerged flow can exist at any flow level as it is a function of downstream conditions.
14.
When the downstream depth is high enough that the transition to subcritical flow advances upstream into the throat and the hydraulic jump disappears, the flume is operating in a " submerged flow " regime, and the discharge is instead given by
15.
Where submerged flow is or may become present, there are several methods of correcting the situation : the flume may be raised above the channel floor, the downstream channel may be modified, or a different flume type may be used ( typically a Parshall flume ).
16.
It is important to note that the secondary point of measurement ( Hb ) for a Parshall flume is located in the throat, measuring Hb can be difficult as flow in the throat of the flume is turbulent and prone to fluctuations in the water level . 90 % is viewed as the upper limit for which corrections for submerged flow are practical.
17.
Using the Parshall Flume flow equations and Tables 1-3, determine the flow type ( free flow or submerged flow ) and discharge for a 36 inch flume with an upstream depth, Ha of 1.5 ft and a downstream depth, H b of 1.4 ft . For reference of locations H a and H b, refer to Figure 1.
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