In the IBM System / 360 mainframe family, a Supervisor Call instruction implements a system call for legacy facilities; the Program Call ( PC ) instruction is used for newer facilities.
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In the early instances of the OS, these sections were brought into the Input / Output Supervisor's " transient area ", not unlike the OS / 360 Control Program's Supervisor Call " transient areas ".
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User mode programs do not have access to the system virtual memory segment and therefore have no access to system control blocks, may not call privileged system subroutines, and may not issue privileged supervisor calls ( SVCs ).
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In addition, privileged code can temporarily make an address space unswappable With a SYSEVENT Supervisor Call instruction ( SVC ); certain changes in the address space properties require that the OS swap it out and then swap it back in, using SYSEVENT TRANSWAP.
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MCP allowed programs to communicate with each other via core-to-core transmissions ( CRCR ) or by using storage queues ( STOQ ), implemented as OS supervisor calls using the BCT instruction and exposed to the languages ( COBOL FILL FROM / INTO ).
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When first implemented in CP / CMS release 3.1, this use of DIAG provided an operating system interface that was analogous to the System / 360 Supervisor Call instruction ( SVC ), but that did not require altering or extending the system's virtualization of SVC.
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The application program interface of mainframe operating systems is defined as a set of assembly language " macro " instructions, that typically invoke Supervisor Call ( SVC ) [ on z / OS ] or Diagnose ( DIAG ) [ on z / VM ] hardware instructions to invoke operating system routines.
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Using x86 as an example, there is a special " gate " structure which is referenced by the " call " instruction that transfers control in a secure way towards predefined entry points in lower-level ( more trusted ) rings; this functions as a supervisor call in many operating systems that use the ring architecture.
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The Program status word may be stored in one control block ( possibly a PRB, a Program Request Block ), while the general purpose registers may be stored in the immediately preceding control block ( an SVRB, Supervisor Call Request Block, an IRB, Interruption Request Block, or the TCB itself ), depending upon the particular context.
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