11. When the laser changes the thermal gradient of a floating conductor, its electrical potential changes. 12. Therefore, the minimum thermal gradient necessary to create a stable solid front is as expressed below. 13. Now, thermal gradients within the sphere become important, even though the sphere material is a good conductor. 14. The pressure atmosphere supports the heat conduction and prevents thermal gradients vertically across the wafer and re-oxidation. 15. A positive thermal gradient is visualized, extending from the colder oceanic trench to the warmer arc region. 16. Because there is a thermal gradient across the cylinder, the metal of the wall expands to different extents. 17. The large size of the dome itself means there are thermal gradients within it that compound these problems. 18. The differential expansion of a thermal gradient can be understood in terms of stress or of strain, equivalently. 19. Spheromaks are subject to external forces, notably the thermal gradient between the hot plasma and its cooler surroundings. 20. You are wrong in assuming Loschmidt's gravitationally induced thermal gradient does not evolve spontaneously in a gravitational field.
