11. The first thermionic ( TI ) reactors were discussed by scientists at the Krasnaya Zvezda. 12. In his doctoral thesis he described the noble gas filled thermionic converter developed by him. 13. The Tommy Flowers-built thermionic valves ( vacuum tubes ) and binary representation of numbers. 14. Air-traffic control equipment under repair contained TO-3 transistors instead of thermionic valves. 15. But the effect was virtually ignored until Gerald Mahan published a paper on thermionic refrigeration in 1994. 16. In 1904, John Ambrose Fleming invented the thermionic diode, the first kind of vacuum tube. 17. In 1916 Ediswan set up the UK's first radio thermionic valve factory at Ponders End. 18. The incandescent regions contribute free electrons via thermionic emission, and ( easily ionized ) metal vapor. 19. Current in the arc is sustained by thermionic emission and field emission of electrons at the cathode. 20. The properties of the interelectrode plasma are determined by the mode of operation of the thermionic converter.
