This is the first representative of Thylacosmilidae which have been found remains in the Patagonia, and the first genus recognised, along with " Thylacosmilus " and " Anachlysictis " that is an indisputable member of this group.
12.
When " Macrauchenia " first arose, it would have been preyed upon by the largest of native South American predators, terror birds such as " Andalgalornis ", and carnivorous sparassodontids such as " Thylacosmilus ".
13.
Fossils of " Thylacosmilus " forelimbs, the only reported for this group, indicate that animals were not fast runners, and were in turn adapted to exert force in order to subdue their prey, helping with their semiopposable thumb.
14.
Later, the family was demoted to a subfamily, as "'Thylacosmilinae "', within Borhyaenidae, a group of superficially canid-like sparassodonts, under the assumption that " Thylacosmilus " was merely a late and specialized borhyaenid.
15.
Though " Thylacosmilus " is one of several predatory mammal genera typically called " saber-toothed cats ", it was not a sparassodont, a group closely related to marsupials, and only superficially resembled other saber-toothed mammals due to convergent evolution.
16.
Based on studies of its habitat, " Thylacosmilus " is believed to have hunted in savannah-like or sparsely forested areas, avoiding the more open plains where it would have faced competition with the more successful and aggressive Phorusrhacids it shared its environment with.
17.
In 1997, a second genus and species of thylacosmilid was described from Miocene-aged materials found in Colombia : " Patagosmilus goini ", also from Argentina from the mid-Miocene, with characteristics intermediate between " Anachlysictis " and " Thylacosmilus ".
18.
However, competition from native predators as a factor in their extinction is debatable as Phorusrhacids themselves seemed to be more aggressive than many of their competitors, to the point where some native predators like the sparassodonts such as " Thylacosmilus " evolved to hunt in forested habitats to avoid them.
19.
The general morphology of " Patagosmilus " suggest that it was less specialized that the latest " Thylacosmilus " of the Pliocene, but the shape of the teeth, indicates that probably was more related to the former than the even more primitive " Anachlysictis " of Colombia.
20.
In " Thylacosmilus ", the last and most specialized known member, the incisors are very small and the lower teeth are poorly developed, and temporal muscles, resulting in relatively weak bites, but compensated by the increase in the size of the neck muscles to lower the head and the fangs into the necks of their prey.
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