11. The transport layer creates packets out of the message received from the application layer. 12. The DNS protocol is independent of its Transport Layer protocol. 13. The transport layer and lower-level layers are unconcerned with the specifics of application layer protocols. 14. SIP is an application layer protocol designed to be independent of the underlying transport layer . 15. Usually, Transport Layer Security ( TLS ) uses public key certificates or Kerberos for authentication. 16. Currently, the following transport layers are defined as standard by ASAM as of May 2010: 17. Beginning with LimeWire 4.13.9, connections can be encrypted with Transport Layer Security ( TLS ). 18. Most client-server sessions are maintained by the transport layer -a single connection for a single session. 19. A common example of this is the use of Transport Layer Security and digital signatures. 20. The protocol is based on a 32-bit header containing both network and transport layer information.
