The last naturally occurring case of indigenous smallpox ( " Variola minor " ) was diagnosed in Ali Maow Maalin, a hospital cook in Merca, Somalia, on 26 October 1977.
12.
"' Smallpox "'is an acute infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus variants named " Variola major " and " Variola minor ".
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As such, variola minor swept through the USA, Great Britain, and South Africa in the early 20th century, becoming the dominant form of the disease in those areas and thus rapidly decreasing mortality rates.
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In Britain, Europe and the American Colonies the preferred method was rubbing material from a smallpox pustule from a selected mild case ( " Variola minor " ) into a scratch between the thumb and forefinger.
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However, as the risk of death from inoculation with Variola Minor was just 1 % to 2 %, as compared to the 20 % risk of death from the natural form of smallpox, the risks of inoculation were generally considered acceptable.
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Smallpox ( variola ) occurred in two clinical varieties : " variola major ", with a mortality rate of up to 40 percent, and " variola minor ", also known as alastrim, with a mortality rate less than one percent.
17.
The earliest recorded artificial induction of immunity in humans was by variolation or inoculation, which is the controlled infection of a subject with a less lethal natural form of smallpox ( known as Variola Minor ) to make him or her immune to re-infection with the more lethal natural form, Variola Major.
18.
From these accounts, it is known that the Chinese banned the practice of using smallpox material from patients who actually had the full-blown disease of " Variola major " ( considered too dangerous ); instead they used proxy material of a cotton plug inserted into the nose of a person who had already been inoculated and had only a few scabs, i . e . " Variola minor ".
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