Therapy generally consists of giving the patient injected fluids to raise blood pressure, antibiotics to kill bacteria and " vasopressor " drugs to restrict blood vessels to allay leakage.
12.
The PulseCO algorithm has been unchanged since 2001 and has been proven to accurately track cardia output after changes in inotropes and administration of vasopressors / vasodilators that alter systemic vascular resistance.
13.
Arterial pressure monitoring is limited in patients off-ventilation, in atrial fibrillation, in patients on vasopressors, and in those with a dynamic autonomic system such as those with sepsis.
14.
A PaO2 / FiO2 ratio less than or equal to 333 is one of the variables in the SMART-COP risk score for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support in community-acquired pneumonia.
15.
In cats pretreated with atropine and hexamethonium, DMDA is a strong vasopressor : a parenteral dose of 10 ?g / kg produced a rise in blood pressure more than twice that produced by the same dose of dopamine.
16.
If low blood pressure is due to blood loss, then preparations increasing volume of blood circulation plasma-substituting solutions such as colloid and crystalloid solutions ( salt solutions ) will raise the blood pressure without any direct vasopressor activity.
17.
While it is often recommended that vasopressors are given through a central line due to the risk of local tissue injury if the medication enters the local tissue, they are likely safe when given for less than two hours in a good peripheral iv.
18.
Treatment of phenobarbital overdose is supportive, and mainly consists of the maintenance of airway patency ( through endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation ), correction of bradycardia and hypotension ( with intravenous fluids and vasopressors, if necessary ) and removal of as much drug as possible from the body.
19.
Erroneously low readings may be caused by hypoperfusion of the extremity being used for monitoring ( often due to a limb being cold, or from vasoconstriction secondary to the use of vasopressor agents ); incorrect sensor application; highly calloused skin; or movement ( such as shivering ), especially during hypoperfusion.
20.
For example : cardiac monitoring, intubation, sedation, paralysis, pain management, rapid sequence induction, needle chest decompression, chest tubes, needle tracheotomies, intraosseous vascular access, intravenous infusions including blood products and vasopressors, etc . These procedures may be performed under standing orders though an Emergency Medicine physician is available 24 / 7 / 365 should additional orders or assistance be needed.
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