The velamen of an orchid is the white or gray covering of aerial roots ( when dry, and usually more green when wet as a result of the appearance of underlying photosynthetic structures ).
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The velamen also serves a mechanical function, protecting the tissues in the root cortex, shielding the root from transpirational water loss, and, in many cases, adhering the plant to the substrate.
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Some surprising results in studies on aerial roots of Orchids show that the'Velamen'- the white spongy envelop of the aerial roots, are actually totally water proof, preventing water loss but not allowing any water in.
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There are two known species, with worldwide distribution in warm, and warm-temperate waters : " Cestum veneris " ( " Venus'girdle " ) is among the largest ctenophores up to long, and can undulate slowly or quite rapidly . " Velamen parallelum ", which is typically less than long, can move much faster in what has been described as a " darting motion ".
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The corporal was described as " palla corporalis ", or " velamen dominic mens ", or " opertorium dominici corporis ", etc .; and it seems generally to have been of linen, though we hear of altar-cloths of silk, or of purple; ( a coloured miniature in the tenth-century Benedictional of St . Thelwold also seems to show a purple altar-covering ), or of cloth-of-gold.
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They are characterized by round-section root with thick velamen, four-angled fleshy pseudobulbs of one internode, often basally protected by dried sheaths and with only one apical leaf ( except for " Bifrenaria steyermarkii ", which occasionally has two ), plicate ( fan-folded ) enervated leathery leaves, yet malleable and not exceedingly thick, with a pseudo-petiole of basal round section, and a basal inflorescences bearing up to ten flowers, which seldom surpass the leaves'length.
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