11. Superposition of the cardiac function curve and venous return curve is used in one hemodynamic model. 12. Jennings RB Jr, Innes BJ . Subtotal cor triatriatum with left partial anomalous pulmonary venous return . 13. It is often suggested that venous return dictates cardiac output, effected through the Frank Starling mechanism. 14. Furthermore, the Ohmic formulation used to describe venous return ignores the critical venous parameter, capacitance. 15. Any sympathetic stimulation to the venous system will increase venous return to the heart and ventricular filling. 16. Nitric oxide reduces both total peripheral resistance and venous return , thus decreasing both preload and afterload. 17. This relaxation will decrease total peripheral resistance, which will in turn decrease venous return to the heart. 18. In this way, an increase in venous return can lead to a matched increase in cardiac output. 19. When the frequency and depth of respiration increases, the venous return increases, leading to increased cardiac output. 20. Such devices are specifically designed to deliver graduated compression from the ankle to the knee, to assist with venous return .
