Occasionally, a more complex pattern is observed, as with sodium sulfate, where the less soluble decahydrate crystal loses water of crystallization at 32 �C to form a more soluble anhydrous phase.
12.
For example, to purify ethanol beyond 95 %, a drying agent ( or desiccant, such as potassium carbonate ) can be added to convert the soluble water into insoluble water of crystallization.
13.
There's a bit of inconsistency in the article regarding Glauber's salt-our article says only 8 of the 10 waters are directly bound, but the water of crystallization article writes it as if all 10 are.
14.
""'Helianthemum squamatum " "'is the only known species able to extract water of crystallization from rock and is able to derive up to 90 % of its fluid requirements from gypsum using this process.
15.
If the solvent is water in either the evaporation or precipitation method of formation, in many cases the ionic crystal formed also includes water of crystallization, so the product is known as a hydrate, and can have very different chemical properties.
16.
Other constituents include iron ( 6 % ), silicon ( 5 % ) and aluminium ( 3 % ), with lesser amounts of calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium, titanium and barium, along with hydrogen and oxygen as well as water of crystallization and free water.
17.
:I would quibble with StuRat's answer to # 5, in that while water of crystallization includes water which is loosely bound ( coordinated ) to a central atom, this may be written ( if the structure is known ) in a different notation, e . g.
18.
By comparing the isotope composition of the plant's sap water to the isotopic composition of free water in the soil and water of crystallization within gypsum it was discovered by Dr . Sara Palacio of the Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog�a and Dr . Juan Pedro Ferrio of the University of Lleida that between 70 % to 90 % of the sap water came from gypsum during the summer months.
19.
Crystallographic analysis reveals that the solid consists of [ " trans "-NiCl 2 ( H 2 O ) 4 ] subunits that are hydrogen bonded to each other as well as two additional molecules of H 2 O . Thus 1 / 3 of the water molecules in the crystal are not directly bonded to Ni 2 +, and these might be termed " water of crystallization ".
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