21. Some practitioners design and deliver OD Interventions that rely on action research and action learning approaches. 22. The main research method to validate the effects of these projects of integration is action research . 23. Kurt Lewin, then a professor at MIT, first coined the term " action research " in 1944. 24. This was the forerunner of action research , an important element of OD, which will be discussed later. 25. Today, he oversees business directions and actively steers Factor4 Foundation, an action research institution established in 2003. 26. The book is based on action research . 27. In 2008, he was given the ARNOVA Award for Distinguished Achievement in Nonprofit and Voluntary Action Research . 28. Consistent with a research agenda tackling social exclusion, Zeelen proposes an action research approach to social research .. 29. Action research involves actively participating in a change situation, often via an existing organization, whilst simultaneously conducting research.30. The AAPF's projects include an Affirmative Action Research and Policy Consortium and a Multiracial Literacy and Leadership Initiative.
