The isozymes have 87-88 % identical amino acid sequence identity and though they are structurally and functionally similar, they have different localizations : PGK2, encoded by an autosomal gene, is unique to meiotic and postmeiotic spermatogenic cells, while PGK1, encoded on the X-chromosome, is ubiquitously expressed in all cells.
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In eukaryotes, most genes found in the cell are expressed as autosomal genes ( see autosome ) and are found in two copies, alterations to this two-copy gene dosage is significantly associated with quantitative or qualitative phenotype traits and is linked to many genetic health problems such as those associated with spinal muscular atrophy and Down syndrome.
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