If the message is to be stopped, it is best stopped by applying inhibition on the cell body, close to the axon hillock where the action potential originates.
22.
These nodes of Ranvier can be considered to be " mini axon hillocks ", as their purpose is to boost the signal in order to prevent significant signal decay.
23.
If the cell body is normally in an inhibited state, the only way to generate an action potential at the axon hillock is to reduce the cell body s inhibition.
24.
However, some excitable cells require no such stimulus to fire : They spontaneously depolarize their axon hillock and fire action potentials at a regular rate, like an internal clock.
25.
In electrophysiological models, the axon hillock is included with the initial segment of the axon where membrane potentials propagate from synaptic inputs to the dendrites or cell body are summed.
26.
Groups of sodium channels opened by the change in membrane potential strengthen the signal as it travels away from the axon hillock, allowing it to move the length of the axon.
27.
This staining method is useful to localize the cell body, as it can be seen in the soma and dendrites of neurons, though not in the axon or axon hillock.
28.
In addition, the axon hillock also has a specialized plasma membrane that contains large numbers of voltage-gated ion channels, since this is most often the site of action potential initiation.
29.
These voltage changes can again be excitatory ( depolarizing ) or inhibitory ( hyperpolarizing ) and, in some sensory neurons, their combined effects can depolarize the axon hillock enough to provoke action potentials.
30.
In the usual orthodromic conduction, the action potential propagates from the axon hillock towards the synaptic knobs ( the axonal termini ); propagation in the opposite direction known as antidromic conduction is very rare.
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