Enzymes which catalyse bond cleavage are known as lyases, unless they operate by hydrolysis or oxidation / reduction, in which case they are known as hydrolases and oxidoreductases respectively.
22.
The most common bond cleavage by OmpT is between two arginine residues because their positive charge can favorably interact with the negatively charged species at the active site during substrate binding.
23.
In certain cases, particularly nitrites derived from cyclopentyl alcohols, the oxygen-centered radical prefers to react via C-C bond cleavage as opposed to H-atom abstraction.
24.
This is consistent with the notion that both enzymes belong to a superfamily of epimerases / aldolases that catalyze carbon-carbon bond cleavage reactions via a metal-stabilized enolate intermediate.
25.
Neutralization of the positive charge at the ionization site is performed at the expense of the atom adjacent to the ionization site, transferring the positive charge to this atom as a result of the bond cleavage.
26.
When considering the various roles that these metalloproteins play, ranging from { hydrolysis | hydrolytic ] ] bond cleavage to photosynthetic roles in plants, it is rather astounding how little is actually understood about the metal's role.
27.
Depending on the initial bond cleavage on the quaternary carbon atom 1-, 2-, or 6-acetoxy-hexanetriol is formed, which is further degraded to acetic acid and 1, 2, 6-hexanetriol.
28.
Radical formation through homolytic bond cleavage most often happens between two atoms of similar electronegativity; in organic chemistry, this is often between the O & ndash; O bond in heterolytic fission of bonds and a radical-based mechanism.
29.
The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1, 3-dienes and 1, 3-dipoles.
30.
With a lower zero-point energy, more energy must be supplied to break the bond, resulting in a higher activation energy for bond cleavage, which in turn lowers the measured rate ( see, for example, the Arrhenius equation ).
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