21. Its solution, the Bethe Salpeter amplitude, is a description of the bound state under consideration. 22. The first is an open ATP-bound state and the second is a closed ADP-bound state. 23. More informally, a bound state is contained within a bounded portion of the spectrum of. 24. Positronium has been studied since the 1950s to understand bound states in quantum field theory. 25. Pionium, a bound state of two oppositely-charged pions, is useful for exploring the strong interaction. 26. Pionium, a bound state of two oppositely-charged pions, is interesting for exploring the strong interaction. 27. This structure represents p97 in an ADP bound state . 28. These include low-energy quantum chromodynamics, bound states , and solitons. 29. An interesting example discussed in a final section, is bound state beta decay of rhenium-187. 30. This causes the heterodimer TSC complex to fall apart, keeping Rheb in its active GTP-bound state .