Other unusual characters include a spinopostzygapophyseal laminae in middle posterior dorsal vertebrae bifurcate into medial and lateral branches, an astragalar ascending process that does not extend to the posterior margin of the astragalus and the presence of a calcaneum.
22.
The ankle joint of therian mammals ( marsupials and placentals ) is a crurotarsal joint, with the main joint of ankle bending between the tibia and the astragalus; the calcaneum has no contact with the tibia but forms a heel to which muscles can attach.
23.
The increased flexibility due to this multiple-jointed arrangement allowed for the articulations between the centrale and first three distal tarsals on the medial side of the mesotarsal joint to have mechanical independence from the lateral articulation between the astragalus-calcaneum and the fourth and fifth distal tarsals.
24.
Later authors noted that a calcaneum or ankle bone referred to " Wangisuchus " by Yang more closely resembles that of a suchian archosaur, although they didn't discuss whether "'IVPP V . 2701 "'might be a suchian or euparkeriid.
25.
On the other hand, it has head of the femur ), a small lesser trochanter of the femur ( upper leg bone ), reduced contact between the fibula ( the smaller of the two lower leg bones ) and the calcaneum ( heel bone ), and the dentition.
26.
It contained a crucified man in his twenties, with the Hebrew name'Jehohanan ben ha galgol ( son of galgol ) . The evidence for this was based on the right calcaneum ( heel bone ) of the individual, pierced by an iron nail 11.5 cms . in length.
27.
They include parts of the skull ( right premaxilla, right maxilla, right lacrimal bone, right postorbital and possible front branch of the right quadratojugal ), the gastralia, one complete rib and four rib fragments, a finger phalanx, both fibulae, a right astragalus and a right calcaneum.
28.
These included the specimens PBMNH . P . 10.115 . T : a right shinbone; PBMNH . P . 10.118 . T : a connected left astragalus and calcaneum; and KUVP 152429 : originally identified as a furcula, but now also excluded from the known remains of " Dakotaraptor ".
29.
In the forelimb, the upper and lower series of carpal ( finger ) bones scarcely alternated, but in the hind foot, the astragalus overlapped the cuboid, while the fibula, which was quite distinct from the tibia ( as was the radius from the ulna in the forelimb ), articulated with both astragalus and calcaneum.
30.
In the skeletons of the phytosaurs and most of the pseudosuchians this joint bends around a peg on the astragalus which fits into a socket in the calcaneum ( the crocodile normal tarsus ); only in the skeletons of the ornithosuchid pseudosuchians a peg on the calcaneum fits into a socket in the astragalus ( the crocodile reversed tarsus ).
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