A production-scale mass spectrometer named the Calutron was developed during World War II that provided some of the 235 U used for the Little Boy nuclear bomb, which was dropped over Hiroshima in 1945.
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The Iraqi physicists focused on the calutron, a device for separating out fissionable uranium for reactor fuel _ or bombs _ by using electromagnetic isotope separation, an American technique of the 1940s that later bombmakers disdained.
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After preliminary calutron designs were tested at Berkeley using Lawrence's cyclotron, Westinghouse began manufacturing calutrons for installation at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where the Y-12 plant containing hundreds of calutrons was being constructed.
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Training switched to Berkeley from April to September 1943, where it was conducted on the XA calutron and a 1 : 16 scale model of the Alpha racetrack, and then to Oak Ridge when the XAX calutron became available.
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Training switched to Berkeley from April to September 1943, where it was conducted on the XA calutron and a 1 : 16 scale model of the Alpha racetrack, and then to Oak Ridge when the XAX calutron became available.
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When the calutron was first operated on 2 December 1941, just days before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor brought the United States into World War II, a uranium beam intensity of 5 microamperes ( ?A ) was received by the collector.
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Tarmiyah is also the location of a calutron facility, which would have served as a second-stage " topping off " plant, taking enriched uranium from the first-stage large-scale calutron facilities, and enriching it to weapons-grade.
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Tarmiyah is also the location of a calutron facility, which would have served as a second-stage " topping off " plant, taking enriched uranium from the first-stage large-scale calutron facilities, and enriching it to weapons-grade.
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That the Tarmiya facility housed a substantial piece of the Iraqi nuclear program was only confirmed after the Gulf War in the early summer of 1991, when the movement there of large saucer-like objects ( just prior to the first IAEA inspection of the site ) led to the positive identification of the Iraqi calutron program.
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China has an active program of nuclear cooperation with Iran that goes back several years, including the construction of a small research reactor for Iran in Isfahan, training for Iranian scientists and providing Iran with at least one mini-calutron, a small version of the machine that Iraq was mass-producing and one component of its nuclear weapons program.
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