In the S E 1 course of action the substrate first ionizes into a carbanion and a positively charged organic residue.
22.
The synthesis proceeds with a nucleophilic attack of the carbanion on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon of the ester or carboxylic acid.
23.
The phosphorus stabilized carbanion then undergoes an elimination to give the alkene, along with an acyl phosphite, which then decarboxylates.
24.
In step 2 the negatively charged carbanion combines with ( Y ) that is electron-poor to form the second covalent bond.
25.
Next, the carbanion resulting from the benzylic hydrogen extraction performs a nucleophilic attack on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon of the amide group.
26.
This carbanion then binds to the carbonyl of the donor substrate thus cleaving the bond between C-2 and C-3.
27.
As a consequence, bond rupture between C6 and C7 due to protonation of the former going through a carbanion state has been proposed.
28.
One distinguishing feature of the dithiolanes and dithianes derived from aldehydes is that the methyne group can be deprotonated and the resulting carbanion alkylated.
29.
The traditional mechanism attributed to an alanine racemase reaction is that of a two-base mechanism with a PLP-stabilized carbanion intermediate.
30.
When this center is an electron rich carbanion or an alkoxide anion, the presence of the electron-withdrawing substituent has a stabilizing effect.
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