It is synthesized from 4-coumaroyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA by chalcone synthase ( CHS ), a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway.
22.
In aurone, a chalcone-like group is closed into a 5-membered ring instead of the 6-membered ring more typical of flavonoids.
23.
After the generation of a thioester-linked tetraketide, a regiospecific C1, C6 Claisen condensation occurs, forming a new ring system to generate naringenin chalcone.
24.
Chalcone is then isomerized to naringenin by chalcone isomerase which is oxidized to eriodictyol by flavonoid 3-hydroxylase and further oxidized to taxifolin by flavanone 3-hydroxylase.
25.
Chalcone is then isomerized to naringenin by chalcone isomerase which is oxidized to eriodictyol by flavonoid 3-hydroxylase and further oxidized to taxifolin by flavanone 3-hydroxylase.
26.
Cloning of CHS from the moss " Physcomitrella patens " revealed an important transition from the chalcone synthases present in microorganisms to those present in higher plants.
27.
Further investigation of the phenomenon indicated that the downregulation was due to post-transcriptional inhibition of the chalcone synthase gene expression via an increased rate of messenger RNA degradation.
28.
Color stabilization of malvidin 3-glucoside at a higher pH can be explained by self-aggregation of the flavylium cation and copigmentation with the Z-chalcone form.
29.
Similarly, another intermediate naringenin chalcone is converted to the isoflavone daidzein by sequential action of three legume-specific enzymes : chalcone reductase, type II chalcone isomerase, and isoflavone synthase.
30.
Similarly, another intermediate naringenin chalcone is converted to the isoflavone daidzein by sequential action of three legume-specific enzymes : chalcone reductase, type II chalcone isomerase, and isoflavone synthase.
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