"Niebla palmeri " has been included under a very broad species concept, ( " Niebla homalea " ); one that essentially recognizes only three species in the genus " Niebla " as defined by a two-layered cortex, by isolated chondroid strands in the medulla, and by the lichen substances lacking the terpenes found in " Vermilacinia ".
22.
The genus " Vermilacinia " was distinguished from " Niebla " by the absence of longitudinal organization of hyphal cells within the medulla into chondroid strands, and by the secondary metabolites ( lichen substances ) primarily terpenes that include the triterpene zeorin, the diterpenes (-)-16 ?-hydroxykaurane, an unidentified triterpene, referred to as T3, and the aliphatic depside, bourgeanic acid.
23.
Nevertheless, in their key to the species of " Niebla " appeared the following statement : Within the medulla individual chondroid strands evident in cross section of blades that was applied to distinguish " Niebla josecuervoi ", " N . homalea " and " N . isidiaescens " from other North American species treated by Spjut in " Vermilacinia ".
24.
The chemotypes of Macaronesian Ramalinas also seem related to the genus " Vermilacinia ", especially in regard to the chemosyndrome seen in " V . tigrina ", Additionally, R . Heber Howe had indicated the presence of chondroid strands was almost of generic importance, and perhaps would have distinguished what is now called " Vermilacinia " if thin-layer chromatography had been available to him during his time.
25.
The genus " Niebla differs " in having free chondroid strands in the medulla and by lichen substances primarily of depsides ( divaricatic acid or sekikaic acid with accessory treterpenes ), and depsidones ( salazinic acid or hyprotocetraric acid or protocetraric acid or acid deficient, without accessory triterpenes ); the terpenes when present are not the triterpene zeorin and the diterpene (-)-16 ?-hydroxykaurane that characterizes the genus " Vermilacinia ".
26.
"Niebla infundibula " has been included under a very broad species concept of " Niebla homalea; " one that essentially recognizes only three species in the genus " Niebla ", defined by a two-layered cortex, isolated chondroid strands in the medulla and by lacking key lichen substances such as the triterpene zeorin and the diterpene (-)-16 ?-hydroxykaurane that are found in most species of " Vermilacinia ".
27.
"Niebla juncosa " has been included under a very broad species concept of " Niebla homalea; " one that essentially recognizes only three species in the genus " Niebla ", defined by a two-layered cortex, isolated chondroid strands in the medulla and by lacking key lichen substances such as the triterpene zeorin and the diterpene (-)-16 ?-hydroxykaurane that are found in most species of " Vermilacinia ".
28.
Although the species ( " N . limicola " ) was independently recognized as possibly new by three individuals, and subsequently described as new in 1996, Essentially, only two or three species in the genus " Niebla " were described . " Niebla ", as defined by Spjut, has a two-layered cortex, isolated chondroid strands in the medulla, and lichen substances predominantly depsides with triterpenes differing from those in " Vermilacinia " or depsidones lacking the terpenes.
29.
Although " Niebla cornea " can often be distinguished by its morphology, thin-layer-chromatography is usually a more effective way to identify the lichen substance ( sekikaic acid ) that distinguishes the species from others such as " Niebla eburnea ", " Niebla homalea ", and " Vermilacinia laevigata ", a less destructive procedure that only requires a tiny fragment from a thallus in contrast to breaking off a lobe of the thallus to see the chondroid stands that characterizes the genus " Niebla ".
30.
It has alternatively been treated in the genus " Niebla " under a broader species concept, " N . ceruchoides ", without explanation . " Niebla " differs from " Vermilacinia " by the cortex differentiated into two layers, by the development of chondroid strands in the medulla, and by the absence of the diterpene (-)-16 ?-hydroxykaurane and the tritepene zeorin . " Vermilacinia ceruchoides " differs from " V . acicularis " by the absence of isdia, and by the branches arising from a less defined basal area that become shortly bifurcate near apex.
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