Their sensitivity to toxins makes them an excellent indicator of ecosystem health, and they are often found in ecological climax communities such as the old growth forests of northwestern North America.
22.
His method of dealing with ecological complexity was to define an ideal form of vegetation the climax community and describe other forms of vegetation as deviations from that ideal.
23.
The organization group Longleaf Alliance defines a fire climax community as " a plant and animal community that is limited by and adapted to an early successional stage by frequent fire disturbances ".
24.
In cool temperate regions, conifers often predominate; a widely distributed climax community in the far north of the northern hemisphere is moist taiga or northern coniferous forest ( also called boreal forest ).
25.
Rather, he employed the idea of a climax community of the form of vegetation best adapted to some idealized set of environmental conditions as a conceptual starting point for describing the vegetation in a given area.
26.
Though the views are sometimes attributed to him, Clements never argued that climax communities must always occur, or that the different species in an ecological community are tightly integrated physiologically, or that plant communities have sharp boundaries in time or space.
27.
Eventually a new equilibrium is approached ( sometimes referred to as a climax community ), with " r "-strategists gradually being replaced by " K "-strategists which are more competitive and better adapted to the emerging micro-environmental characteristics of the landscape.
28.
The retreat of the glaciers exposed land areas and as a result Plant communities and animal populations ranging from " pioneer species " in areas recently exposed by receding glaciers to climax communities in older coastal and alpine ecosystems have emerged.
29.
The term disclimax was used in-context by Clements ( 1936 ), and despite being an anthropogenic phenomenon which prevents the facilitation and succession to a true climax community, it is one of the only examples of climax that can be observed in nature.
30.
Ultimately, even if succession tends towards a steady state, the time required to achieve this state is unrealistically long; in most cases, external disturbances and environmental change occur so frequently that the realization of a climax community is unlikely, and therefore it has come to be regarded as a less useful concept.
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