He also believed that those experiments confirmed the assumption of Wien, that there is no " real " mechanical mass, but only the " apparent " electromagnetic mass, or in other words, the mass of all bodies is of electromagnetic origin.
22.
This was discussed in connection with the proposal of the electrical origin of matter, so Wilhelm Wien ( 1900 ), and Max Abraham ( 1902 ), came to the conclusion that the total mass of the bodies is identical to its electromagnetic mass.
23.
Walter Kaufmann ( 1901 1903 ) was the first to confirm the velocity dependence of electromagnetic mass by analyzing the ratio \ scriptstyle { e / m } ( where \ scriptstyle { e } is the charge and \ scriptstyle { m } the mass ) of cathode rays.
24.
However, it was shown by Abraham ( 1902 ), that this value is only valid in the longitudinal direction ( " longitudinal mass " ), i . e ., that the electromagnetic mass also depends on the direction of the moving bodies with respect to the aether.
25.
:" Later experiments [ . . ] have confirmed the formula [ . . ] for the transverse electromagnetic mass, so that, in all probability, the only objection that could be raised against the hypothesis of the deformable electron and the principle of relativity has now been removed ."
26.
Since the charge was known to be velocity independent, any variation had to be attributed to alterations in the electron's momentum or mass ( formerly known as transverse electromagnetic mass m _ { T } = m \ gamma, equivalent to the " relativistic mass " M as indicated above ).
27.
When the special case of the electromagnetic self-energy or self-force of charged particles is discussed, also in modern texts some sort of " effective " electromagnetic mass is sometimes introduced not as an explanation of mass " per se ", but in addition to the ordinary mass of bodies.
28.
The concept of electromagnetic mass is not considered anymore as the cause of mass " per se ", because the entire mass ( not only the electromagnetic part ) is proportional to energy, and can be " converted " into different forms of energy, which is explained by Einstein's mass energy equivalence.
29.
They showed that the preceding definitions of four-momentum are non-relativistic " per se ", and by changing the definition into a relativistic form, the electromagnetic mass can simply be written as m _ { em } = E _ { em } / c ^ 2 and thus the 4 / 3 factor doesn't appear at all.
30.
Electromagnetic mass is odd because it's not associated with the particle, it's associated with the system ( i . e . the electrons in a wire would have a different EM Mass if the wire was coiled versus straight, or if the wire was near a chunk of iron . )-- Wjbeaty 04 : 29, 1 October 2006 ( UTC)
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