21. Many species appear to form symbiotic or endophytic relationships with trees, while others appear to act as saprotrophs. 22. "Elymus canadensis " has a familiar relationship as a host with a variety of endophytic fungi. 23. Unsurprisingly, low to moderate levels of herbivore damage also increases the levels of infection by beneficial endophytic fungi. 24. This is not unusual among fungi, as non-endophytic plant pathogens have similar conditionally beneficial effects on defense. 25. Changes in salicylic acid signaling stimulated a reproducible shift in the relative abundance of bacterial phyla in the endophytic compartment. 26. Where specific variants or cultivars of a species are endophytic , this is detailed on the taxon's page. 27. In 1993, taxol was discovered as a natural product in a newly described endophytic fungus living in the yew tree. 28. "' Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense "'occurs when phytophagous insects, birds or mammals. 29. Some chemical defenses once thought to be produced by the plant have since been shown to be synthesized by endophytic fungi. 30. Because this root-like endophytic system is not soil-borne, dwarf mistletoes are solely dependent on their host for water.
