21. The parameter that gives the best approximation to universality is the Earth-referenced Fermi level suggested above. 22. Metallic solids have, by definition, no band gap at the Fermi level and hence are conducting. 23. Electrons that are too far below the Fermi level E F can't jump to unoccupied states. 24. Therefore, the density of electronic states at the Fermi level is also different for spins pointing in opposite directions. 25. The degree of band bending depends on the relative Fermi levels and carrier concentrations of the materials forming the junction. 26. As the kubo gap increases there is also a decrease in the density of states located at the Fermi level . 27. In metals there are many energy levels near the Fermi level , meaning that there are many electrons available to move. 28. The current density for electron flow can be shown to be proportional to the gradient in the electron quasi Fermi level . 29. "' Insulators "'have zero density of states at the fermi level due to their band gaps. 30. An ACAR measurement on a metal has discontinuities where bands cross the Fermi level in all Brillouin zones in reciprocal space.
