21. But what is the meaning of half-integer spin ? talk ) 15 : 09, 6 January 2014 ( UTC) 22. According to the spin-statistics theorem in any reasonable spin are bosons, while particles with half-integer spin are fermions. 23. In general, such particles are called gauge bosons, where the term " boson " refers to a particle with integer spin . 24. The spin statistics theorem dictates that all particles with integer spin are bosons whereas all particles with half-integer spin are fermions. 25. The spin statistics theorem dictates that all particles with integer spin are bosons whereas all particles with half-integer spin are fermions. 26. Thus bosonic fields are one of the two theoretically possible types of quantum field, namely those corresponding to particles with integer spin . 27. In the case of integer spins the second term of the Hamiltonian results in the splitting of the otherwise degenerate ground state doublet. 28. Fermions carry half-integer spin values, and by the Pauli exclusion principle, identical fermions cannot occupy a single position in spacetime. 29. Bosons carry integer spin values, and are characterized by the ability to have any number of identical bosons occupy a single point in space. 30. The Spin-statistics theorem shows that Fermions have half-integer spins . talk ) 16 : 06, 21 December 2008 ( UTC)
