Although measurement of the reduction potential in aqueous solutions is relatively straightforward, many factors limit its interpretation, such as effects of solution temperature and pH, irreversible reactions, slow electrode kinetics, non-equilibrium, presence of multiple redox couples, electrode poisoning, small exchange currents and inert redox couples.
22.
The IDH step of the citric acid cycle, due to its large negative free energy change, is one of the irreversible reactions in the citric acid cycle, and, therefore, must be carefully regulated to avoid unnecessary depletion of isocitrate ( and therefore an accumulation of alpha-ketoglutarate ).
23.
The reaction is similar to the reaction catalysed by pyruvate kinase, which also converts pyruvate to PEP . However, pyruvate kinase catalyses an irreversible reaction, and does not consume ATP . By contrast, PPDK catalyses a reversible reaction, and consumes 1 molecule of ATP for each molecule of pyruvate converted.
24.
On entry to the mitochondria the pyruvate decarboxylation occurs, producing acetyl CoA . This irreversible reaction traps the acetyl CoA within the mitochondria ( the acetyl-CoA can only be transported out of the mitochondrial matrix under conditions of high oxaloacetate via the citrate shuttle, a TCA intermediate that is normally sparse ).
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