21. Formulas related to the extensive property are more naturally expressed in terms of the excess kurtosis . 22. Mardia's kurtosis statistic is skewed and converges very slowly to the limiting normal distribution. 23. In a subsequent paper Pearson reported that for any distribution skewness 2 + 1 < kurtosis . 24. Ignoring kurtosis risk will cause any model to understate the risk of variables with high kurtosis. 25. Ignoring kurtosis risk will cause any model to understate the risk of variables with high kurtosis . 26. Mardia's multivariate skewness and kurtosis tests generalize the moment tests to the multivariate case. 27. :Indeed-- you can't reliably estimate the kurtosis from the box plot. 28. Distributions with zero excess kurtosis are called "'mesokurtic "', or mesokurtotic. 29. Notice that the degrees of freedom is sometimes known as the " kurtosis parameter ". 30. The excess kurtosis may be either known beforehand for certain distributions, or estimated from the data.
