If the neutron's mass was less than the combined masses of a proton and an electron ( ), then the neutron could be a proton-electron composite because of the mass defect from the binding energy.
22.
Since the 1920s this discrepancy has been explained by the presence of isotopes; the atomic mass of any isotope is very close to satisfying the whole number rule, with the mass defect caused by differing binding energies being significantly smaller.
23.
For standardization a specific atomic nucleus ( carbon-12 vs . oxygen-16 ) had to be chosen because the average mass of a nucleon depends on the count of the nucleons in the atomic nucleus due to mass defect.
24.
The mass defect of a nucleus represents the mass of the energy of binding of the nucleus, and is the difference between the mass of a nucleus and the sum of the masses of the nucleons of which it is composed.
25.
Yet a third neutretto, apparently, is that mentioned in several newspaper articles from 1948, as having being ruled out after being hypothesized in 1947 to explain a mass defect in heavy meson ( i . e . pion ) decays.
26.
Once this mass difference, called the mass defect or mass deficiency, is known, Einstein's mass-energy equivalence formula " E " = " mc " ?can be used to compute the binding energy of any nucleus.
27.
However, as the total mass of the system approaches infinity it follows that the mass defect will also approach infinity, which could possibly overcome one of the problems with fast travel and allow us to come closer to the speed of light than if we used conventional fuels.
28.
When compared to the average mass per nucleon in carbon-12, which is moderately strongly-bound compared with other atoms, the mass defect of binding for most atoms is an even smaller fraction of a dalton ( unified atomic mass unit, based on carbon-12 ).
29.
Atomic mass is not the same thing as the mass number, which is simply a total of neutrons plus protons; atomic mass also has electrons involved, and the mass of isotopes can be slightly different than the mass number, and can deviate from their mass numbers based on their mass defect.
30.
The modern version of Prout's rule is that the atomic mass of an isotope of proton number ( atomic number ) " Z " and neutron number " N " is equal to sum of the masses of its constituent protons and neutrons, minus the mass of the nuclear binding energy, the mass defect.
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