This work challenged the revisionist claim of Herbert Gutman, John Blassingame and Eugene Genovese, among others, that enslaved families had a nuclear structure and male head, documenting instead that extended families were the most significant form of slave family structure, but that matrifocal and matrilocal kinship groups, slave women, as mothers particularly, were at the center of slave family life.
22.
He linked the emergence of matrifocal families with how households are formed in the region : " The household group tends to be matri-focal in the sense that a woman in the status of'mother'is usually the de facto leader of the group, and conversely the husband-father, although de jure head of the household group ( if present ), is usually marginal to the complex of internal relationships of the group.
23.
These include families in which a father has a wife and one or more mistresses; in a few cases, a mother may have more than one lover . by Raymond T . Smith ( according to Herlihy ), in some Black Caribbean families in Mediterranean communities; In their study of family life in Bethnal Green, London, during the 1950s, Young and Wilmott found both matrifocal and matrilineal elements at work : mothers were a focus for distributing economic resources through the family network; they were also active in passing down the rights to tenancies in matrilineal succession to their daughters.
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