Inhibitors of melanogenesis whose mechanism of action includes reducing the genetic expression of melanogenic enzymes include caffeoylserotonin, AP736, pomegranate extract, and betulinic acid ( extracted from Vitis amurensis root ).
22.
MITF has the ability to activate several genes by binding to them, including the MC 1 receptor gene and the genes involved in melanogenesis ( tyrosinase, TYRP1 and DCT, which encode enzymes of the same names ).
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In the second process, triggered primarily by UVB, there is an increase in production of melanin ( melanogenesis ), which is the body's reaction to direct DNA photodamage ( formation of pyrimidine dimers ) from UV radiation.
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However, in order to cause true melanogenesis-tanning by means of UV exposure, some direct DNA photodamage must first be produced, and this requires UVB exposure ( as present in natural sunlight, or sunlamps that produce UVB ).
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Tyrosinase catalyzes the initial steps of melanogenesis in mammals, and is responsible for the undesirable browning reactions in damaged fruits during post-harvest handling and processing, and its inhibitors are of interest to the medical, cosmetics, and food industries.
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HMB-45 is nonreactive with almost all non-melanoma human malignancies, with the exception of rare tumors showing evidence of melanogenesis ( e . g ., pigmented schwannoma, clear cell sarcoma ) or tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis complex ( angiomyolipoma and lymphangiomyoma ).
Specifically, they were applied to protein function prediction, and discovery of pathways underlying certain biological processes, such as melanogenesis Additionally, GRAph ALigner ( GRAAL ), a global network alignment method, used graphlet degree vectors and signature similarities to produce " topological " alignments of biological networks, without using any information external to network topology.
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Thus, blonds have brown eumelanin, with out the other two, while brunettes have some of all three, redheads have mostly pheomelanin, etc . etc . So, the likely cause is that melanogenesis gets turned on for these pigments at different ages; so that in the young lesser amounts of the darker melanins are produced, and as one ages, the darker melanins get " turned on ".
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