21. Each API or programming environment in principle has its own high-level memory model that defines its memory visibility semantics. 22. The action memory model is based on a variable store, and does not make use of registers or a stack. 23. GPI segments can also be used to leverage different memory models within a single application or to even run different applications. 24. C + + 11 standardizes special atomic types and operations with semantics similar to those of volatile in the Java Memory Model . 25. In the shared memory model the " code " and " data " sections of a program were isolated from each other. 26. A language implementation cannot easily support full closures if its run-time memory model allocates all automatic variables on a linear stack. 27. The flat memory model ( at the physical addressing level ) still provides the greatest flexibility for implementing this type of memory management. 28. Technically, the " flat " 32-bit address space is a " tiny " memory model for the segmented address space. 29. The Java Memory Model ( JMM ) defines the allowable behavior of multithreaded programs, and therefore describes when such reorderings are possible. 30. Support for the 8086 memory model was provided by inline assembly, compiler options, and language extensions such as the " absolute " keyword.
