It is possible for macroscopic thermodynamic work to alter the occupation numbers without change in the values of the system energy levels themselves, but what distinguishes transfer as heat is that the transfer is entirely due to disordered, microscopic action, including radiative transfer.
22.
However, because we can distinguish between " which " particles are occupying each energy level, the set of occupation numbers { N _ i | i = 1, 2, 3, . . . } does not completely describe the state of the system.
23.
Where \ omega _ c is the frequency of the optical mode, a is the mode annihilation operator, \ kappa is the mode linewidth, and \ bar { n } is the thermal occupation number of the photons in the bath, as given by the Bose Einstein distribution.
24.
For a closed system ( no transfer of matter ), heat in statistical mechanics is the energy transfer associated with a disordered, microscopic action on the system, associated with jumps in occupation numbers of the quantum energy levels of the system, without change in the values of the energy levels themselves.
25.
In statistical mechanics, for a closed system ( no transfer of matter ), heat is the energy transfer associated with a disordered, microscopic action on the system, associated with jumps in occupation numbers of the energy levels of the system, without change in the values of the energy levels themselves.
26.
The first step in second quantization is to express such quantum states in terms of "'occupation numbers "', by listing the number of particles occupying each of the single-particle states | \ phi _ 1 \ rang, | \ phi _ 2 \ rang, etc . This is simply another way of labelling the states.
27.
The " good / bad cavity regime " ( also called the " resolved / unresolved sideband regime " ) relates the mechanical frequency to the optical linewidth : The good cavity regime ( resolved sideband limit ) is of experimental relevance since it is a necessary requirement to achieve ground-state cooling of the mechanical oscillator, i . e . cooling to an average mechanical occupation number below 1.
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