Functional imaging data from this same group also shows that the olfactory tubercle is highly activated during tasks that engage attention, thus playing a large role in arousal-related systems.
22.
As such, the rhinencephalon includes the olfactory bulb, the olfactory tract, the olfactory tubercle and striae, the anterior olfactory nucleus and parts of the amygdala and the piriform cortex.
23.
As far as olfaction is concerned, in vitro data from some studies suggest that the olfactory tubercle units have the functional capability of other olfactory center neurons in processing odor.
24.
The ventral pallidum lies within the substantia innominata ( Latin for unnamed substance ) and receives efferent connections from the ventral striatum ( the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle ).
25.
The olfactory tubercle connects to numerous areas of the amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, brain stem, retina, auditory cortex, and olfactory system . * In total it has 27 inputs and 20 outputs.
26.
The patent says the stem cells can be taken from parts of the central nervous system like the brain cortex, olfactory tubercle, retina, the hippocampus, thalamus or hypothalamus, and the brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord.
27.
The mitral cells leave the olfactory bulb in the lateral olfactory tract, which synapses on five major regions of the cerebrum : the anterior olfactory nucleus, the olfactory tubercle, the amygdala, the piriform cortex, and the entorhinal cortex.
28.
The main components of the basal ganglia as defined functionally are the dorsal striatum ( caudate nucleus and putamen ), ventral striatum ( nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle ), globus pallidus, ventral pallidum, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus.
29.
One of the most striking features of the olfactory tubercle is the closely packed crescent-shape cell clusters, which are located mostly in layer III and sometimes in layer II . These cells clusters, called the islands of calleja, are innervated by reward system.
30.
Fibers of the olfactory tract appear to end in the antero-lateral part of the olfactory tubercle, the dorsal and external parts of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the frontal and temporal parts of the prepyriform area, the cortico-medial group of amygdaloid nuclei and the nucleus of the stria terminalis.
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