Therefore, plant biologists often quantify PAR using the number of photons in the 400-700 nm range received by a surface for a specified amount of time, or the Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ( PPFD ).
22.
These variations can be quantified using the average photon energy ( APE ) which is the ratio between the spectral irradiance G ( ? ) ( the power density of the light source in a specific wavelength ? ) and the total photon flux density.
23.
There is little radiation flux ( in terms of W / m?) to the Earth's surface below 0.2?m or above 3.0?m, although photon flux remains significant as far as 6.0?m, compared to shorter wavelength fluxes.
24.
:: : : : PPFD-photosynthetic photon flux density, or the related, Photosynthetically active radiation, here's a world map of PAR by month, Even in July, light levels are too low in the northern half of Canada for plant agriculture.
25.
Apart from the quantum efficiency it depends on the incident photon flux and the exposure time, which is equivalent to the exposure and the sensor area; since the exposure is the integration time multiplied with the image plane illuminance, and illuminance is the luminous flux per unit area.
26.
A widely used estimate of the effect of light quality on photosynthesis comes from the Yield Photon Flux ( YPF ) curve, which indicates that orange and red photons between 600 and 630 nm can result in 20 to 30 % more photosynthesis than blue or cyan photons between 400 and 540 nm.
27.
Where P is the incident photon flux ( photons per second in the area of a pixel ), Q _ e is the quantum efficiency, t is the exposure time, D is the pixel dark current in electrons per second and N _ r is the pixel read noise in electrons.
28.
I mean even if the non-CMB photon flux is a millionth that of the CMB they should still be relevant, as a visible / UV photon is some ~ 10 6 tmes more energetic than a microwave photon . . . .-- Deglr6328 21 : 28, 1 December 2006 ( UTC)
29.
The cells have a poor current match due to a greater photon flux of photons above 1.87eV vs . those between 1.87eV and 1.42eV . This results in too little current in the GaAs junction, and hampers the overall efficiency since the InGaP junction operates below MPP current and the GaAs junction operates above MPP current.
30.
Michaelian suggests that the traditional origin of life research, that expects to describe the emergence of life without overwhelming reference to entropy production through dissipation, is erroneous and that imposed environmental potentials, such as the solar photon flux, and the dissipation of this flux, must be considered to understand the emergence, proliferation, and evolution of life.
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