The prompt critical excursion is characterized by a power history with an initial prompt critical spike as previously noted, that either self terminates or continues for an extended period as a tail region that decreases over time.
22.
About 0.65 % of neutrons are released in a nuclear chain reaction in a delayed way due to the mechanism of neutron emission, and it is this fraction of neutrons that allows a nuclear reactor to be controlled on human reaction time-scales, without proceeding to a prompt critical state, and runaway melt down.
23.
Post-accident analysis concluded that the final control method ( i . e ., dissipation of the prompt critical state ) occurred by means of catastrophic core disassembly : destructive melting, vaporization, and consequent conventional explosive expansion of the parts of the reactor core where the greatest amount of heat was being produced most quickly.
24.
However, if the reactor does achieve criticality, then the neutron flux in the core becomes high and 135 Xe is destroyed rapidly this has the same effect as very rapidly removing a great length of control rod from the core, and can cause the reaction to grow too rapidly or even become prompt critical.
25.
In this case, the first experimental atomic reactors would have run away to a dangerous and messy " prompt critical reaction " before their operators could have manually shut them down ( for this reason, designer Enrico Fermi included radiation-counter-triggered control rods, suspended by electromagnets, which could automatically drop into the center of Chicago Pile-1 ).
26.
In 1975, the anti-nuclear book " We Almost Lost Detroit ", by John G . Fuller was published, referring at one point to the Idaho Falls incident . " Prompt Critical " is the title of a 2012 short film, viewable on YouTube . com, written and directed by James Lawrence Sicard, dramatizing the events surrounding the SL-1 incident.
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