In numerical calculations, it is indistinguishable from the four-unit system, since what is a proportionality constant in the latter is a conversion factor in the former.
22.
The proportionality constant " c " is called the damping coefficient and has units of Force over velocity ( lbf s / in or N s / m ).
23.
As numerous approximations have been made, in addition to the approximate nature of these definitions, order-unity proportionality constants are often omitted ( as in the above equations ).
24.
Any such model requires that the Hubble radius of the observable universe is equal to its Schwarzschild radius, that is, the product of its mass and the Schwarzschild proportionality constant.
25.
Every vibration does not necessarily lead to the formation of product, so a proportionality constant \ kappa, referred to as the transmission coefficient, is introduced to account for this effect.
26.
Since the proportionality constant here is dimensionless and the units in any equation must balance without any numerical factor other than one, it follows that 1 lbf = 1 lb�ft / s 2.
27.
The Dirac equation may now be interpreted as an eigenvalue equation, where the rest mass is proportional to an eigenvalue of the 4-momentum operator, the proportionality constant being the speed of light:
28.
Choosing a proportionality constant \ alpha \, and eliminating the minus sign to enable us to move the weight in the negative direction of the gradient to minimize error, we arrive at our target equation:
29.
Reactions that have low values for proportionality constants "'? "'or "'? "'are considered to have a transition state closely resembling the reactant with little proton transfer.
30.
Since most of the propagated messages are based on a proportionality constant, meaning, there is not a temporal or spatial significance to the presynaptic firing, these signals literally " repeat what they have been told ".
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