21. Although this method provides narrow size distributions and good crystallinity, the quantum yields are ~ 5 15 %. 22. Charge carrier trapping on QDs increases the probability of non-radiative recombination, which reduces the fluorescence quantum yield . 23. Alkylamines have been incorporated into the TOP / TOPO synthetic method to increase the quantum yields to ~ 50 %. 24. This is the case when measuring the quantum yield or when finding the wavelength with the highest emission intensity for instance. 25. Since silicon is an indirect band gap semiconductor, the quantum yield of radiative recombination in this material is very low. 26. The quantum yield for an ideal system undergoing photocatalytic events is measured as the number of events occurring per photon absorbed. 27. The maximum fluorescence quantum yield is 1.0 ( 100 % ); each photon absorbed results in a photon emitted. 28. Platinum and palladium derivatives have been synthesised with singlet oxygen quantum yields of 0.59 and 0.54, respectively. 29. 2010-AIST reports a quantum yield of 19 % in photocatalytic water splitting with a caesium-enhanced tungsten oxide photocatalyst. 30. To improve fluorescence quantum yield , quantum dots can be made with " shells " of a larger bandgap semiconductor material around them.
