In the United States, under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, any reduction factor less than or equal to the actuarial early retirement reduction factor is acceptable.
22.
This figure is obtained typically by multiplying together the number of microorganisms on the spacecraft, the probability of growth on the target body, and a series of bioload reduction factors.
23.
To account for effects due to " yielding " of the structure, many codes apply modification factors that reduce the design forces ( e . g . force reduction factors ).
24.
It's implicit that the reduction factor is the height of the triangle divided by the side ( the sine of the angle of the side with respect to the horizontal ).
25.
One claim for the origin of the term " K correction " is Edwin Hubble, who supposedly arbitrarily chose K to represent the reduction factor in magnitude due to this effect.
26.
For N less than 8 working files, a polyphase merge sort achieves a higher effective run count reduction factor by unevenly distributing sorted runs between N-1 working files ( explained in next section ).
27.
The control for sample rate reduction ( a . k . a . " downsampling " or " averaging " ) is sometimes shown in Hz for a new sample rate, or as a reduction factor.
28.
In this lower-end estimate, only Western press sources were used for hard numbers, while heavy " reduction factors " were applied to Afghan government reports so that their estimates were reduced by as much as 75 %.
29.
These correspond to modern measures of,,, and respectively ( assuming a reduction factor of 1 : 4 in transcription, i . e ., mapping mensural minims to modern quavers ), or alternatively,, and respectively ( with a reduction factor of 1 : 2 ).
30.
But Wang et al . ( 2013 ) give theoretical guarantee for using the logarithmic reduction factor in NDCG . The authors show that for every pair of substantially different ranking functions, the NDCG can decide which one is better in a consistent manner.
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