21. For example, a beam component was plastically bent to introduce a known residual stress profile. 22. The hole drilling is currently one of the most widespread methods of measuring the residual stress . 23. When the material containing residual stress is removed the remaining material reaches a new equilibrium state. 24. Residual stress evaluation scheme by the Integral method.25. The high penetration depth permits measuring residual stresses in bulk components as crankshafts, pistons, rails, gears. 26. Hot rolled metals generally have little directionality in their mechanical properties and deformation induced residual stresses . 27. High heat introduces local stresses and residual stresses . 28. They are used to convert the relieved deformations to the original residual stress in the material. 29. When the finished weldment cools, some areas cool and contract more than others, leaving residual stresses . 30. Residual stresses are caused by rapid, unequal cooling as opposed to the stresses caused by external loading.
