It is usually a surgical complication seen after extensive pelvic surgery ( such as cancer surgery ) and is most commonly found in the retroperitoneal space.
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The retroperitoneal regions include the oral cavity, esophagus, pylorus of the stomach, distal duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon and anal canal.
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Retroperitoneal regions of the digestive tract ( aka those parts that are firmly attached to surrounding structures by connective tissue fibers ) parts are covered with adventitia.
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Of the colon, the ascending colon, descending colon and rectum are retroperitoneal, while the cecum, appendix, transverse colon and sigmoid colon are intraperitoneal.
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They blend into the surrounding tissue and are fixed in position ( for example, the retroperitoneal section of the duodenum usually passes through the transpyloric plane ).
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Pelvic injuries could also lead to injuries such as visceral rupture ( in the rectum ), urogenital system injuries, nerve injury, retroperitoneal haemorrhage and reproductive system injuries.
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Located at the rear of the abdominal cavity in the retroperitoneal space, the kidneys receive blood from the paired renal arteries, and drain into the paired renal veins.
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It may be accompanied by Grey Turner's sign ( bruising of the flank ), which may then be indicative of pancreatic necrosis with retroperitoneal or intraabdominal bleeding.
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Virtually every major structure in the abdomen and the posterior retroperitoneal space has been injured, at some point, by removing discs using posterior laminectomy / discectomy surgical procedures.
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The surgery is performed on an inguinal ( groin using percutaneous embolization ), retroperitoneal ( abdominal using laparoscopic surgery ), and infrainguinal / subinguinal ( below the groin ).
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