The second work in which Biber explored scordatura techniques is " Harmonia artificioso-ariosa " ( 1696 ), his last known published collection of instrumental music.
22.
Scordatura was much used by composers for viola d'amore, violin and cello, including Vilsmayr, and others in compositions for violin during the early 18th century.
23.
*In this unique scordatura the second and third strings are crossed below the bridge and above the top of the neck thereby switching their standard placement on the fingerboard.
24.
The third is a frenzied dance that begins with a scordatura ( G-D-A-E ) violin section, after which the clarinet introduces the main theme.
25.
In 1977 Dutch-Hungarian composer Geza Frid wrote a set of variations on The Elephant from Saint-Sa�ns'Le Carnaval des Animaux for scordatura Double Bass and string orchestra.
26.
Pibroch fiddlers employed alternative scordatura tunings to play this repertoire, such as the " " A E a e " " tuning recommended by violinist / composer James Oswald.
27.
The solo viola part is written in D major instead of E flat major, and the instrument tuned a semitone sharper ( scordatura technique ), to give a more brilliant tone.
28.
In the Sorrowful Mysteries, Biber uses scordatura tunings that tone down the violin's bright sound, creating slight dissonances and compressing the range from the lowest to the highest string.
29.
The other collections exploit the same bewitching scordatura sound; they also draw on French dances, Italian polyphony and the German version of the chaconne, with its hypnotic rapid variations over a ground bass.
30.
Interestingly, no other chamber works by Biber use such devices, and the only other pieces to use scordatura are two of the sonatas included in " Sonatae violino solo " of 1681.
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